The default TCP port of Microsoft SQL Server default instance is 1433. But if the named instance is different than default instance then SQL server could use different port. Here I found a useful script to find out which TCP port is currently used by SQL server.
 
DECLARE @InstName VARCHAR(16) 
DECLARE @RegLoc VARCHAR(100) 
SELECT @InstName = @@SERVICENAME 
IF @InstName = 'MSSQLSERVER' 
BEGIN 
    SET @RegLoc='Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Tcp\' 
END 
ELSE 
BEGIN 
    SET @RegLoc='Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\' + @InstName + '\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Tcp\' 
END 
EXEC [master].[dbo].[xp_regread] 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @RegLoc, 'tcpPort'
Now, why it is important to know this TCP port number?
If you are planning to access database from remote computer and/or
if the firewall of your computer is opened then you have to allow that TCP port number as exception.
Thats it.
Happy Coding.
