The default TCP port of Microsoft SQL Server default instance is 1433. But if the named instance is different than default instance then SQL server could use different port. Here I found a useful script to find out which TCP port is currently used by SQL server.
DECLARE @InstName VARCHAR(16)
DECLARE @RegLoc VARCHAR(100)
SELECT @InstName = @@SERVICENAME
IF @InstName = 'MSSQLSERVER'
BEGIN
SET @RegLoc='Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Tcp\'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET @RegLoc='Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\' + @InstName + '\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib\Tcp\'
END
EXEC [master].[dbo].[xp_regread] 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @RegLoc, 'tcpPort'
Now, why it is important to know this TCP port number?
If you are planning to access database from remote computer and/or
if the firewall of your computer is opened then you have to allow that TCP port number as exception.
Thats it.
Happy Coding.